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David C. Sabiston Papers, 1887-2015 119.6 Linear Feet (72 cartons, 7 flat boxes, 14 slides boxes, 2 card boxes, 2 map folders, 2 manuscript boxes, 1 cassette tape box) 1 oversized folder, 3 artifacts, and 2 robes.

Contains the personal and professional papers of David C. Sabiston Jr. (1924-2009), surgeon and chair of the Department of Surgery at Duke University from 1964 to 1994. Types of materials include personal and professional correspondence, memorabilia, scrapbooks, correspondence, clippings, printed materials, DVDs, CDs, floppy disks, VHS cassettes, certificates, research materials, committee minutes, reports, manuscript and illustration materials, reports, departmental lectures, presentations and talks, budgets, evaluations, administrative documents, planning documents, notes, photographs, slides, audiotapes, gowns, hoods, robes, and digital surrogates of plaques and awards. Major correspondents include Del Stickel, Donald Silver, J. Leonard Goldner, James F. Glenn, Will Camp Sealy, Samuel A. Wells Jr., and Kenneth Pickrell. Materials range in date from 1887 to 2015, with the bulk starting in 1920.

Charles and Peggy Hammond Papers, 1915-2016, undated 15.58 Linear Feet (9 cartons, 1 half manuscript box, 2 flat boxes, 3 flat box folders, 1 lantern slide box, 1 film canister) and 10.19 GB

Contains the personal and professional papers of Dr. Charles B. Hammond (1936-2021), chair of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (1980-2002), and a small amount of personal correspondence belonging to Peggy Hammond. Types of materials include 3.5 inch floppy disks, a 16mm film reel, awards, CDs, certificates, clippings, conference materials, correspondence, digital surrogates, DVDs, lantern slides, negatives, newsletters, notes, slides, and VHS tapes. Major subjects of the collection include Hammond's involvement in and recognitions from professional organizations like the American Fertility Society and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Materials range in date from 1915 to 2016, and some materials are undated.

Medical Center Library Records, 1932-2023 86.05 Linear Feet (45 cartons, 3 manuscript boxes, 2 half manuscript boxes, 5 flat boxes, 13 map tubes, 12 small roll storage boxes, 1 card box, 13 DVDs, 21 CDs) and 3 artifacts and 574.44 MB

The Medical Center Library serves the Duke University Medical Center's academic, professional, research, teaching, and patient communities. The Library was conceived in the late 1920s and early 1930s by Wilburt C. Davison and early staff of the Duke University School of Medicine. This collection contains records of the Medical Center Library at Duke University. Materials were created by library directors or administrators and professional library staff. Types of materials include correspondence, reports, grants, articles, meeting minutes, job ads, proposals, meeting agendas, subject files, photographs, building blueprints, policies, publications, library statistics, manuals, Annual Snapshots, and digital files. Materials range in date from 1932 to 2023.

O. Michael Colvin Papers, 1957-2009, undated 8 Linear Feet (5 boxes, 1 card box) and 19.6 MB

Dr. O. Michael Colvin (1936-2013) served as director of the Duke Comprehensive Cancer Center from 1995 to 2002, and as William Shingleton Professor of Cancer Research from 2002 to 2008. In addition to his administrative and educative roles, Colvin conducted pioneering research on cyclophosphamide and other alkylating agents, in the pursuit of bettering chemotherapy and tumor treatment. Among other materials, the collection contains correspondence, clippings, committee and conference materials, research notes, writings, photographs, awards, and digital files. Major subjects include Colvin's research and positions in professional organizations. Materials range in date from 1957 to 2009, with the bulk dating from 1987 to 2009.

Awards and Plaques, 1964-1997

Contains digital surrogates of plaques and awards given to David C. Sabiston Jr. for his research, teaching, and professional positions. More plaques and awards may reside in the following series: Unprocessed Materials and Memorabilia and Artifacts. Materials date from 1964 to 1997.

  2. David C. Sabiston Papers, 1887-2015

Printed Materials, 1967-2008, undated

Contains scanned clippings, newsletters, magazines, programs, and a press release. Major subjects include research and procedures conducted by Duke's Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and topics within the Obstetrics and Gynecology field. Materials relating to professional organizations have been sorted by group. Materials range in date from 1967 to 2008, and some are undated.

  2. Charles and Peggy Hammond Papers, 1915-2016, undated

Awards, Honors and Related Ephemera, 1973-2016, undated

Contains certificates and honors, digital surrogates of pins and plaques, and a stamp assemblage. Material relates to Hammond's achievements, professional commitments, and appreciation from others. Also included is ephemera commemorating milestones of organizations to which Hammond belonged. Materials range in date from 1973 to 2016, and some are undated.

  2. Charles and Peggy Hammond Papers, 1915-2016, undated

Conference Materials, 1976-2013, undated

Contains programs, schedules, invitations, menus, maps, digital surrogates of pins and nametags, and CDs, all from conferences that the Hammonds attended. Most of the series relates to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Materials range in date from 1976 to 2013, and some are undated.

  2. Charles and Peggy Hammond Papers, 1915-2016, undated

William G. Anlyan Oral History Interviews, 1978-2007 9 interviews (2 CDs, 1 DVD, 12 audio cassette tapes, 7 U-Matic tapes, 4 transcripts)

William George Anlyan (1925-2016) came to Duke University School of Medicine for his residency in general and thoracic surgery (1949-1955). Afterwards, he joined the surgical staff led by Dr. Deryl Hart, becoming a full professor of surgery in 1961, and, from 1964 to 1969, was the third dean of the School of Medicine. Anlyan also served as vice president for health affairs (1969-1983) and chancellor for health affairs (1983-1989). From 1988 to 1993, Anlyan was the executive vice president and cencellor for health affairs before becoming chancellor of Duke University (1990-1995). This collection contains 9 oral history interviews conducted in 1978, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1997, 2004, and 2007. Interviews in the 1990s were conducted by Dr. James Gifford. Interviews conducted in the 2000s were conducted by Jessica Roseberry.

James B. Wyngaarden Oral History Interviews, 1982-2007, undated 3 interviews (4 audiocassette tapes, 2 CDs, 3 transcripts)

Dr. James Barnes Wyngaarden, MD, is a former professor and administrator of Duke University School of Medicine and Duke University Hospital. This collection includes 3 oral history interviews conducted at separate times. Interviews were conducted on April 9, 1982 by Dr James Gifford, March 21, 2005 by Jessica Roseberry, and October 17, 2007 by Jessica Roseberry as part of the Women in Duke Medicine Oral History Exhibit. In the 1982 interview, Wyngaarden discusses his background, education, professional career, research, his time at Duke and the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and research training programs. In the 2005 interview, Wyngaarden discusses his work at both the NIH and Duke, as well as his commitment to the concept of the physician scientist and his continued work in scientific fields since leaving the NIH. In the 2007 interview, which is part of the Women in Duke Medicine Oral History Exhibit, Wyngaarden discusses Dr. Grace Kerby and his understanding of her experiences in the Department of Medicine.

Albert Heyman Oral History Interview, 1985-1985 1 interview (2 audio cassette tapes, 1 transcript)

Albert Heman (1916-2012) was a Professor of Neurology and Chief of the Division of Neurology at Duke University Medical Center (1964 to 1969). This collection contains 1 oral history interview conducted on December 18, 1985 by Dr. James Gifford. In the interview Heyman discusses his research of Alzheimer's disease, beginning in the late-1970s, and the subsequent development of the Alzheimer's Disease Research Center at Duke University Medical Center. He also discusses his collaboration with Lisa Gwyther and Allen Roses. Other people mentioned in the interview include Eugene Stead, Larry Thompson, Carl Eisdorfer, Seymour Crofferman, Charles Nemeroff, Harvey Cohen, and Donald Schmechel.

Awards and Plaques, 1990-2005, undated

This series contains materials which showcase recognitions of O. Michael Colvin's research and work. Items include certificates, nominations, invitations, and digital surrogates for physical awards. Materials date from 1990 to 2005, and some materials are undated.

  2. O. Michael Colvin Papers, 1957-2009, undated

Ralph Snyderman Oral History Interviews, 1990-2019 8 Interviews (6 transcripts, 15 audiocassette tapes) and 77.9 MB

Dr. Ralph Snyderman, MD, is Chancellor Emeritus of Duke University, James B. Duke Professor of Medicine, and Director of the Duke Center for Research on Personalized Health Care. This collection contains 8 oral history interviews. The interviews conducted on December 14, 1990; March 23, 1993; April 22, 1994; and April 28, 1995 were done by Dr. James Gifford. The April 28, 1995 interview is included in the Dr. David Sabiston Oral History Project. The interviews conducted on March 6, 2003; December 16, 2003; January 16, 2004; and February 23, 2004 were done by Walter E. Campbell for the book "Foundations for Excellence: 75 Years of Duke Medicine". The interview contacted on July 22, 2019 by Dr. Justin Barr is part of the Dr. David Sabiston Oral History Project. In the interviews, Snyderman discusses his life leading up to the time he spent at the National Institutes of Health, his time at Genentech, accepting the chancellor position at Duke, Duke Medical Center's 75th anniversary, his tenure as chancellor, his background, and his memories of Sabiston.

John Palmer Grant Oral History Interview, 1994-1994 1 Interview (1 transcript, 2 audiocassette tapes)

Dr. John Palmer Grant, MD, is a Professor of Surgery at Duke whose research interests lie in issues surrounding the surgical management of obesity. This collection contains 1 oral history interview conducted on July 12, 1994 by Dr. James Gifford. In this interview, which is included in the Dr. David Sabiston Oral History Project, Grant discusses the Surgical Nutrition Research Laboratory in the Department of Surgery, his background, and Dr. David Sabiston's reputation and the Department of Surgery at Duke.

Ross M. Ungerleider Oral History Interview, 1994-1994 1 Interview (1 transcript, 1 audiocassette tape)

Dr. Ross M. Ungerleider, MD, MBA, is a surgeon, researcher, author, public speaker, surgical educator, and coach. He completed his residency in General and Thoracic Surgery at Duke University Medical Center, joining the faculty in 1987 where he rose to tenured professor by 1996. In addition to this, he also held the roles of Chief of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Surgical Director and co-founder of Pediatric and Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, and Surgical Director and founder of the EMCO (extracorporeal membrane oxygenator) program. He remained at Duke until 2001 when he left to help build children's heart programs and teach leadership and teamwork at numerous other medical institutions. He is recognized for pioneering the use of echocardiography in the operating room to evaluate the heart anatomy at the time of repair, and to assess the adequacy of the repair prior to the patient leaving the operating room, providing care for more than 7,000 hearts of infants and children with congenital heart disease. This collection contains 1 oral history interview conducted on July 22, 1994 by Dr. James Gifford. In this interview, which is included in the Dr. David Sabiston Oral History Project, Ungerleider discusses his personal background, education and surgical training, research experiences at Duke and the research being done in his laboratory, the importance of the research work done in laboratories as a means to teach the next generation of doctors, building the Pediatric Cardiac Surgery and ECMO (extracorporeal membrane oxygenator) Programs at Duke, and how Sabiston's leadership of the Department of Surgery created an environment that promoted academic surgery that attracted excellent residents.

Ralph Randal (Randy) Bollinger Oral History Interviews, 1994, 1995 2 Interviews (2 transcripts, 3 audiocassette tapes)

Dr. Ralph Randal (Randy) Bollinger, MD, a surgeon who spent his entire professional career at Duke, was appointed to the surgery faculty in 1980 and appointed Chief of Transplantation in 1983. He was instrumental in the development of liver and pancreas transplantation, participating in the first liver transplant at Duke, and pioneering the technical, immunological, and logistical complexities of these burgeoning operations. This collection contains 2 oral history interviews conducted on July 21, 1994 and November 28, 1995 by Dr. James Gifford. Both interviews are included in the Dr. David Sabiston Oral History Project. In the July 21, 1994 interview Bollinger discusses his career as a surgeon, his research interests, and the work of his laboratory within the structure of the Department of Surgery. In the November 28, 1995 interview Bollinger discusses his work as Chief of the Division of General Surgery.

Theodore N. Pappas Oral History Interviews, 1994-1995, 2021 3 Interviews (1 master audiocassette tape, 3 transcripts) and 21.4 MB

Dr. Theodore N. Papas, MD (1955- ), holds the Duke Surgical Innovation Distinguished Professorship and is a Professor of Surgery and Vice Dean of Medical Affairs at Duke University. After his surgical training, Pappas joined the Department of Surgery faculty in 1988 where he has remained throughout his career. This collection contains 3 oral history interviews conducted on May 12, 1994 and December 11, 1995 by Dr. James F. Gifford and May 20, 2021 by Dr. Konstantinos Economopoulos as part of the Dr. David Sabiston Oral History Project. In the 1994 interview, Pappas discusses how he came to be interested in gastrointestinal disease, his surgical training, how he came to Duke, his research, his work at the Gastro-Intestinal Laboratory, the future of the laboratory, and laparoscopic surgery. In the 1995 interview, Pappas discusses the role of the VA Hospital within the Department of Surgery, how Duke residents are trained at the VA Hospital, surgery at the VA Hospital, impact of managed care at the VA Hospital, how work at the VA Hospital will impact the careers of residents, VA patient population, and the emphasis on gastrointestinal research. In the 2021 interview, Pappas discusses his surgical training; how he came to Duke and the details of being hired by Sabiston, including being only the second non-Duke trained person hired by Sabiston in 15 years; Sabiston's incredible memory and how he used it as a recruiting tool among Duke medical students; Sabiston's calculated social interactions; the annual Sabiston Christmas party; observations of how Sabiston interacted with residents and how he ran the Department of Surgery; changes in the Department of Surgery after Sabiston retired; and other memories of Sabiston.

Peter K. Smith Oral History Interviews, 1994-1996 2 Interviews (3 transcripts, 4 audiocassette tapes)

Dr. Peter Kent Smith, MD, Chief of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery at Duke University Medical Center, is a heart surgeon who specializes in coronary artery bypass, grafting, and valve replacement. This collection contains 2 oral history interviews conducted on July 22, 1994 and January 3, 1996 by Dr. James Gifford. Both interviews are included in the Dr. David Sabiston Oral History Project. In the July 22, 1994 interview Smith discusses his background in research and the operation of his laboratory. In the January 3, 1996 interview Smith discusses his career as a thoracic surgeon, and particularly his work as Chief of the Division of Thoracic Surgery.

Robert H. Jones Oral History Interviews, 1994-2007 2 Interviews (2 transcripts, 2 audiocassette tapes, 2 CDs)

Dr. Robert (Bob) H. Jones. MD (1940-2020). completed his surgical residency at Duke in 1975. Afterwards, he joined the faculty of the Department of Surgery where he remained until he retired in 2014 as the Mary and Deryl Hart Distinguished Professor of Surgery. During his career, Jones was a prolific cardiothoracic surgeon performing thousands of Coronary Artery Bypass operations, a clinical investigator, and a medical educator. This collection contains 2 oral history interviews conducted at separate times. Interviews were conducted on July 14, 1994 by Dr. James Gifford and April 26, 2007 by Jessica Roseberry. In the 1994 interview, which is part of the Dr. David Sabiston Oral History Project, Jones discusses his career, research interests, working for and with Sabiston, the origins and development of his lab, as well we the current and future status of his field. In the 2007 interview, which is part of the Dr. David Sabiston Oral History Project, Jones reflects on his work as a cardiovascular surgeon, his research, experiences with Sabiston, and the Duke Cardiovascular Databank.

Hilliard Seigler Oral History Interviews, 1994, 2018 2 interviews (1 CD, 2 audiocassette tapes, 2 transcripts)

Dr. Hilliard F. Seigler, MD, is a Professor of Surgery and Professor Immunology at Duke University. This collection contains 2 oral history interviews conducted at separate times. Interviews were conducted on July 18, 1994 by Dr. James Gifford and February 27, 2018 by Dr. Justin Barr. In the 1994 interview, Seigler discusses the Melanoma immunology laboratory. In the 2018 interview, which is part of the Dr. David Sabiston Oral History Project, Seigler reflects on his time at Duke in the Department of Surgery.

Dani Bolognesi Oral History Interviews, 1994, 2019 2 Interviews (2 transcripts) and 11.5 MB

Dani Bolognesi received his PhD from Duke in virology in 1967, and he joined the faculty at Duke as an Assistant Professor in Virology in the Department of Surgery in 1971 and became an Associate Professor of Surgery in 1972. Bolognesi held other positions at Duke: Vice Chair of the Department of Surgery (1994-1999), Professor of Virology in the Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology (2001-2002), Professor of Virology in the Department of Microbiology (1994-2002), Professor of Surgery (1977-2002), and Professor Emeritus of Surgery (2002-present). While at Duke, his laboratory did the early work on identifying anti-HIV activity in what would become AZT, the first drug developed against the disease. This collection contains 2 oral history interviews conducted on September 29, 1994 by Dr. James Gifford and May 29, 2019 by Taylor Patterson and is part of the Dr. David Sabiston Oral History Project. In the June 29, 1994 interview, Bolognesi discusses his educational background; working with Dr. Joseph Beard at Duke; and his research, particularly the work of the laboratory he directed. In the May 29, 2019 interview, Bolognesi discusses his early life and education; his studies and work at Duke, where he was a student under Dr. Joseph Beard; professional and personal memories of Dr. David Sabiston, including Sabiston's interest in grants; Sabiston's stoke; Sabiston's Christmas parties; translational research; the Department of Surgery; and Bolognesi's HIV research.

Walter G. Wolfe Oral History Interviews, 1994, 2019 2 Interviews (1 master audiocassette tape, 1 use audiocassette tape, 2 transcripts) and 87.3 MB

Dr. Walter G. Wolfe, MD (1937-2020), emeritus faculty member and a Duke cardiothoracic surgeon, led the cardiac surgery program at the Veterans Administration (VA) turning the struggling VA program into one of the most successful in the country. During his more than 50 year tenure at Duke, he was a cardiothoracic surgeon, clinician researcher, teacher, and mentor. This collection contains 2 oral history interviews conducted on July 14, 1994 by Dr. James F. Gifford and June 5, 2019 by Susannah Roberson as part of the Dr. David Sabiston Oral History Project. In the 1994 interview, Wolfe discusses his career, work of the Pulmonary Physiology Laboratory of which Wolfe was the director, the structure of the Department of Surgery, and the evolution of the Department of Surgery. In the 2019 interview, Wolfe discusses his early life, education, why he decided to join the medical profession, how he came to complete his residency at Duke, his different roles during his career at Duke, what it was like to work for and with Sabiston, and his memories of Sabiston.

Richard McCann Oral History Interviews, 1994-2020 2 Interviews (2 transcripts, 1 master audiocassette tape) and 13.4 MB

Dr. Richard Lucas McCann, MD, a vascular surgeon, Duke Professor of Surgery, and Duke Surgery Master Surgeon, joined Duke in 1974 as a Resident and joined the faculty in 1983 after completing his general surgery training. McCann is recognized as a superb surgeon in every domain. Technically, he mastered the anatomical exposure of vascular structures in all areas of the body with exceptional technical speed and efficiency. This collection contains 2 oral history interviews conducted on July 12, 1994 by Dr. James Gifford and April 29, 2020 by Taylor Patterson as part of the Dr. David Sabiston Oral History Project. In the July 14, 1994 interview, McCann discusses the origins and work of the Vascular Surgery Lab, his background, and his research interests. In the April 29, 2020 interview, McCann discusses his early life, education, decision to enter the medical profession, how he came to Duke, meeting Sabiston for the first at his interview to be a Resident, Sabiston's Monday Conferences and his teaching method, Sabiston's traditions, how Sabiston kept track of all his Residents, and other memories of Sabiston and his wife, Aggie.

James M. Douglas Oral History Interviews, 1994, 2022 2 Interviews (1 master audiocassette tape, 1 use audiocassette tape, 2 transcripts) and 16.2 MB

Dr. James M. Douglas Jr., MD (1954- ), is a cardiothoracic surgeon in Bellingham, Washington, specializing in Cardiothoracic Surgery with the PeaceHealth Medical Group. He graduated from Duke University School of Medicine. This collection contains 2 oral history interviews conducted on June 24, 1994 by Dr. James F. Gifford and February 1, 2022 by Dr. Konstantinos Economopoulos as part of the Dr. David Sabiston Oral History Project. In the 1994 interview, Douglas discusses his background, how he chose to become a surgeon, the history of and multidisciplinary work in his Clinical Sciences Research Laboratory in the Department of Surgery, and that laboratory's use of clinical outcomes to describe and develop new surgical techniques. In the 2022 interview, Douglas discusses his early life, education, why he wanted to become a surgeon, how he came to complete his residency at Duke, what it was like to be the first African American to complete a surgery residency at Duke, what it was like to be a surgery resident under Sabiston, and his memories of Sabiston.

J. Leonard Goldner Oral History Interview, 1995 1 Interview (1 transcript, 2 audiocassette tapes)

Dr. J. Leonard Goldner, MD (1918-2005), professor and orthopaedic surgeon at Duke University Medical Center and Duke University School of Medicine, was internationally recognized for his contributions to the field of orthopaedic surgery, particularly for developing a method of surgical management of congenital clubfoot. This collection contains 1 oral history interview conducted on March 15, 1995 by Dr. James Gifford. In this interview, which is included in the Dr. David Sabiston Oral History Project, Goldner discusses his career in surgery, and the development of the Duke Surgery Department.

Gordon G. Hammes Oral History Interview, 1995 1 Interview (1 transcript, 1 audiocassette tape)

Gordon G Hammes, PhD, is the Duke University Distinguished Service Professor of Biochemistry Emeritus. From 1991 to 1998, Hammes was the Vice Chancellor for Academic Affairs at Duke University's Medical Center. His major research interests are in biophysical chemistry, especially enzyme kinetics and mechanism, metabolic regulation, multienzyme complexes, membrane-bound enzymes, and single-molecule fluorescence microscopy. This collection contains 1 oral history interview conducted on April 3, 1995 by Dr. James Gifford. In this interview, which is included in the Dr. David Sabiston Oral History Project, Hammes discusses his career in biochemistry, and how he viewed the Department of Surgery in connection with his work as Vice Chancellor.

L. Scott Levin Oral History Interview, 1995-1995 1 interview (1 master audio cassette tape and 2 transcripts)

Dr. L. Scott Levin, MD, is an orthopaedic and plastic surgeon who completed residencies in both specialties at Duke University Hospital. He spent 27 years at Duke University Medical Center and for the last 15 of those years he was the Division Chief of the Plastic Surgery Division in the Department of Surgery. Division of Plastic Surgery. During his time at Duke, he pioneering the Limb Salvage Program and established the Human Fresh Tissue Laboratory. After leaving Duke, he went on to become the Paul B. Magnuson Professor of Bone and Joint Surgery, Chair of the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine (Penn), and Professor of Surgery (Plastic Surgery). He is also Medical Director of the Penn Musculoskeletal and Rheumatology Service Line, Director of the Hand Transplant Program and leads the reconstructive microsurgery team at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP). This collection contains one oral history interview conducted on December 14, 1995 by Dr. James Gifford. In the interview, which is part of the Dr. David Sabiston Oral History Project, Levin reflects on his education; career; mentors; the history of the Department of Surgery and Division of Plastic Surgery at Duke; his interest in microsurgery, hand surgery, and othoplastic extremity reconstruction (limb salvage); how the residency program has changed over time; his experiences in the Division of Plastic Surgery; and his memories of Sabiston including his leadership style, legacy to Duke and the profession of surgery, and his work ethic.

Merel H. Harmel Oral History Interviews, 1995-2004 2 Interviews (2 transcripts, 3 audiocassette tapes)

Dr. Merel H. Harmel, MD, professor emeritus and founding chair of the Duke University School of Medicine Department of Anesthesiology (1971-1983) was a pioneer in the practice, safety, and teaching of anesthesiology. Along with founding the Department of Anesthesiology ay Duke, he also founded anesthesiology departments at the State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center and the University of Chicago. This collection contains 2 oral history interviews conducted on April 24, 1995 by Dr. James Gifford and May 26, 2004 by Jessica Roseberry. In the 1995 interview, which is part of the Dr. David Sabiston Oral History Project, Harmel discusses his career, the development of his research interests, and his interaction his department (the Department of Anesthesiology) with Sabiston and the Department of Surgery at Duke. In the 2004 interview, Harmel discusses his career, becoming the first chair of the Department of Anesthesiology, and other administrative aspects of how a division becomes a department and how it operates within an established medical center.

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