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This oral history interview was conducted with Ann Milligan-Barnes on October 5, 2022 by Josephine McRobbie as part of the Duke Midwifery Service and Durham Maternal Health Oral History Project, which was funded by The Josiah Charles Trent Memorial Foundation Endowment Fund.

Duration: 02:01:42

During the interview, Milligan-Barnes discusses her early professional years at Watts Hospital, her role as a Labor and Delivery nurse at Durham/Duke Regional Hospital, her time serving in the United States Air Force Nurse Corps, as well as her experiences in the Durham County Department of Public Health, where she worked as a Public Health Nurse and the Coordinator for the Centering Pregnancy Program associated with the Duke Midwifery Services. The themes of this interview include community healthcare, health disparities, and pregnancy and postpartum care. Digital files include interview metadata and transcript (PDF), interview with stereo (WAV), interview with mono (MP3), consent form (PDF), an image (JPG), and TXT files.

This oral history was conducted with Dr. Jack Hughes on October 3 and 4, 2019 by Joseph O'Connell. Transcript is available.

Duration: Hughes_AudioStory.wav: 00:12:14; Hughes_Interviews.wav: 03:05:42

The October 3 and 4, 2019 interview with Hughes moves more or less chronologically through Hughes' upbringing and education, his military service during World War II, his residency and training in Minnesota, and his experiences at the intersection of academic and private practice medical communities in Durham, North Carolina. Digital files include transcript (.PDF), interviews (.WAV), consent form (.PDF), Hughes portrait).JPG), and Bagger files (.TXT).

This oral history interview was conducted with Dr. Jean Spaulding on October 3, 2006 by Jessica Roseberry as part of the Women in Duke Medicine Oral History Exhibit.
Duration: 01:18:01
Spaulding discusses her family background; growing up in Michigan; the diverse community in Michigan; coming to the South; negative and prejudiced treatment in the South as an African-American; the lack of recognition of the Vietnam War in Duke Medical School; negative treatment from some in the medical school; the medical school not being affected by the undergraduate protests and takeovers taking place at the Allen Building due to racial issues; the segregation of donors' blood along racial lines; being the only African-American in Duke Medical School; negative statements made about her scholarship in her admissions interview because she was a woman; the prejudice of some of the professors at Duke Medical School; cross burning on her front lawn; her determination to stay and exercise her civil rights; her closeness with the other five women in the class; the attractiveness of psychiatry to her; the trust relationship between patients and doctors in psychiatry; Mary Ann Black; Dr. Spaulding and Ms. Black as the only African-Americans at the Child Guidance Clinic; the close relationship with Ms. Black; the Community Child Guidance Clinic; the atmosphere of the Duke Department of Psychiatry; Dr. Ewald Busse; Dr. H. Keith H. Brodie; the open nature of those at the Child Guidance Clinic; the joys of raising a family at same time as education and career; her pregnancy during medical school; taking time off to raise her first daughter; threats of the removal of her scholarship due to time off; the rescinding of threats when legal recourses were mentioned; the Biddle Foundation Scholarship; the opportunity to chair the Community Psychiatry Division; the decision to open a private practice instead; the predominance of female clientele in her practice; the particular stresses of that population to do everything; her own perspective as a person who accomplished many things simultaneously; balance in her life; her participation in the Women's Council for Duke; assisting Dr. Snyderman in developing the health system; the board of trustees of the Duke Endowment; what the presidential search committee saw in Dr. Nannerl Keohane; Duke's acquisition of Durham Regional Hospital; communication with Mary Ann Black at the time; Duke's relationship with the larger community; the view of Duke by some segments of African-Americans in the Durham community; Mary Semans; women and African-Americans whose names should be mentioned; Promising Practices; the development of initiatives for women at Duke Health System; females in positions of high leadership at Duke; Dr. Ralph Snyderman; role as trustee of Duke Endowment; her mother-in law, Elna Spaulding; her father-in-law, Asa Spaulding; and her daughters. The transcription of this interview was made possible by a grant from the Josiah Charles Trent Memorial Foundation. Includes 2 master CDs, 2 use CDs, and 1 transcript.

This oral history interview was conducted with Mary Ann Fuchs on October 31, 2022 by Josephine McRobbie.

Duration: 01:22:49

During the interview, Fuchs discusses her background and education; research and care at Duke Hospital; career paths for nurses, healthcare mentors, and colleagues; and the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic. The themes of this interview include nursing, nursing education, and healthcare leadership. Digital files include interview metadata and transcript (PDF), interview with stereo (WAV), interview with mono (MP3), consent form (PDF), and TXT files.

Ms. Nichols speaks about growing up in rural North Carolina; her family structure; her aunt as a matriarch; her marriage and move to Durham; her husband's desertion of new family; her financial situation; public housing; Operation Breakthrough; her complaints to the Housing Authority over living conditions; eviction; other struggles; fighting eviction; suing the Housing Authority; others' help in taking care of children; the media attention over the lawsuit; studies to be a licensed practical nurse (LPN) at Duke Hospital; her work on the cardiac intensive care unit; other possible opportunities for upward mobility at Duke; application to physician assistant (PA) program; her rejection from and ultimate acceptance into the program; balancing her work as an LPN and studies in PA program; teaching without a degree; requirements of the LPN program; her personal motivation to succeed; work as an LPN; studies to be physician assistant; classmates in third physician assistant class; her treatment by classmates as the only female and only African-American in class; her work in Lincoln Hospital; the current status of Lincoln Community Health Center; her upcoming presentation to county commissioners on behalf of Lincoln Community Health Center; working at Duke; Dr. Harvey Estes; the treatment of African-Americans at Duke Hospital before the integration of the wards; the integration of the wards; the previous integration of the CCU (cardiac care unit) before the official integration of the wards; the current status of family land; the support of others throughout her career; the subtle discrimination against her as an African-American; the interactions between nurses and physicians assistants; teaching; her daughter running for district court judge; her own remarriage; her second husband's support; her family; balancing her family life and her career; her contributions as a physician assistant to the profession.

This oral history interview was conducted with Paul R. Newman on October 30, 2019 by Taylor Patterson as part of the Dr. David Sabiston Oral History Project.

Duration: 01:01:16

During the interview, Newman discusses his education; how he became interested in the Hospital Administration program at Duke; becoming an assistant football coach at Duke to help pay for graduate school; how he chose to pursue working in hospital administration over a career as a foot coach; the details of his job as a hospital administration supporting clinical chairs in academic departments, with Sabiston being one of them; experiences working at the Private Diagnostic Clinic (PDC), including the merger of the surgical and medical PDC; the details of his role as a hospital administrator; the creation of the Duke University Health System; Sabiston's control over the Building Fund; and his memories of working with Sabiston as a master educator, master politician, and the tremendous influence he had at both Duke and on a national level. Digital files include transcript (DOCX), interview (MP3), consent form (PDF), and TXT files.

Ms. Robinson she discusses how she got into the physician assistant field and why she has stayed in it. She also explains the roles and responsibilities of the physician assistant in today's hospitals and how she operates here at Duke. In this context, she also elaborates on what it takes to make a good physician assistant, and how Duke is training physician assistants to have these skills. With regards to the job of physician assistant, she discusses some of the history of the field, the current state and the potential future of the physician assistant as a major source of primary care. Finally, in regards to her interest in obesity and family care, she expresses her concern over the changes in the demographics and spread of obesity she has observed during her career.

This oral history interview was conducted with John Robinette on October 22, 2019 by Taylor Patterson as part of the Dr. David Sabiston Oral History Project.

Duration: 01:24:37

During the interview, Robinette discusses his education; career at Duke, starting as an administrative assistant for Dr. William Anlyan and eventually moving into the role of a hospital administrator working with Sabiston closely on operating rooms; his experiences building the new Duke Hospital; working with Sabiston in the role of an administrator; the history of the Private Diagnostic Clinic (PDC) and its importance to Sabiston and Duke University; Sabiston's culture as one high standards, high work ethic, and fairness; changes implemented by Sabiston such as separate lounges for doctors, residents, nurses, housekeeping, etc., private hospital rooms, and relaxing visiting hours; the importance of academics and research in the surgical program to Sabiston; the corporatization of hospitals; memories of Dr. Joseph Greenfield; and personal memories of Sabiston and his wife Aggie. Digital files include transcript (.DOCX), interview (.MP3), and consent form (.PDF).

This oral history interview was conducted with Dr. Elizabeth R. DeLong on October 21, 2010 by Jessica Roseberry.
Duration: 00:45:39
Dr. DeLong discusses similarities and differences between working at a clinical research organization (Quintiles) and an academic research organization (Duke Medical Center); some collaborative projects between the Department of Biostatistics and other Duke departments; the importance of biostatistics to medical practice and medical research; the extent to which people in an academic institution are aware of the importance of statistics in their own work; the importance of having training in doing statistical work; master's versus PhD statisticians; the Duke Clinical Research Institute's emphasis on collaboration between medical investigators and statisticians; working with partners to make sure they set up their studies correctly; outcomes research versus clinical trials; equipoise; the importance of equipoise; personalized medicine; the accuracy of predictions in personalized medicine; bioinformatics; the importance of the department being accepted by other outside departments and groups; growth of the department; being a female in the sciences; her own background; mentors; Dean Nancy Andrews; whether she brings something different to the table as a female department chair; and the future of the department. Includes a master CD, a use CD, and a transcript.

This oral history interview was conducted with Dr. Mary E. Klotman on October 21, 2010 by Jessica Roseberry as part of the Women in Duke Medicine Oral History Exhibit.
Duration: 00:59:09
Klotman discusses coming to Duke as an undergraduate in the 1970s; the Duke Department of Medicine from her perspective as a student; the chair of the department when she was a resident; Dr. Joseph Greenfield as subsequent chair of the department; conversation with Dr. Greenfield about her future career path; desire to become a physician-scientist; developing skills to achieve that goal; going to work at the National Institutes of Health; working at Mount Sinai Medical Center; with her husband, putting together the kind of program at Mount Sinai that existed at Duke; becoming an administrator in order to make an impact; her view of the chairmanship since beginning the job of chair of the Department of Medicine seven months prior; communications within such a large department; partnerships that the Department of Medicine has developed; directions the health system is moving in; funding for the department; funding for the partners of the Department of Medicine; being a female department chair; family support; and Dean Nancy Andrews. Includes a master and use CD.

This oral history interview was conducted with Kim Q. Dau on October 19, 2022 by Josephine McRobbie as part of the Duke Midwifery Service and Durham Maternal Health Oral History Project, which was funded by The Josiah Charles Trent Memorial Foundation Endowment Fund.
Duration: 00:39:58
During the interview, Dau discusses her background and education; the impact Amy MacDonald had on her as a guest lecturer during Dau's House Course as an undergraduate at Duke University and her subsequent career as a midwife; Dau's interest in Vietnamese and other non-Western medicine practices; her first post-graduate job as a staff midwife in Duke Midwifery Service; the Centering Pregnancy modality including training, later work with the program at Durham County Health Department, and the influence of Margy Hutchison and Rebekah Kaplan's Centering Pregnancy program work had on her; Dau's reflections on power, exchange, healthcare as a partnership, and working in a relational way with people of different backgrounds from one's own; her move back to San Francisco and the pandemic "pause" on many Centering programs; Dau's work in the education and training of midwifery students; learning from midwives; partnerships with other practitioners; and reflections on Duke and how midwifery has and can be incorporated into large medical institutions. Digital files include interview metadata and transcript (PDF), interview with stereo (WAV), interview with mono (MP3), consent form (PDF), an image (JPG), and TXT files.

This oral history interview was conducted with Dr. Elizabeth Bullitt on October 18, 2005 by Jessica Roseberry.
Duration: 01:15:00
Bullitt discusses her background; her fascination with the brain and neurosurgery; residency at University of Colorado; internal problems in program at University of Colorado; coming to Duke under Dr. Robert Wilkins; military feel of Duke program; rules in Duke program; Dr. Guy Odom; Dr. David Sabiston; hierarchy in Department of Surgery; male presence in neurosurgery, particularly at the time; husband as present chief of Neurosurgery at Duke; being the first female neurosurgeon on staff at both Mayfield Neurological Institute and University of North Carolina; feeling need to survive as opposed to feeling like a pioneer at Duke; treatment as a female neurosurgeon at Duke; her sensitivity to her treatment and dedication to her field; evaluation of her treatment versus current regulations against such treatment; facilities for female neurosurgeons; being overlooked at Duke because female; feeling uncomfortable returning to Duke; uniforms in Duke Department of Surgery; Dr. Robert Wilkins; others in the department who influenced her, including Dr. Blaine Nashold; meeting husband [Dr. Allan Friedman] at this time; time commitment as resident at that time versus the current time commitment; technology at Duke at the time; Carol Ludolph; conservative nature of Duke Surgery Department in terms of operating, flexibility; treatment received from patients; history of career at University of North Carolina; balancing home life and work life; current work with brain imaging at University of North Carolina. The transcription of this interview was made possible by a grant from the Josiah Charles Trent Memorial Foundation. Includes 2 master audio cassette tapes, 2 use audio cassette tapes, and a transcript.

This oral history interview was conducted with Helen Mikul on October 17, 2022 by Josephine McRobbie as part of the Duke Midwifery Service and Durham Maternal Health Oral History Project, which was funded by The Josiah Charles Trent Memorial Foundation Endowment Fund.

Duration: 00:55:45

During the interview, Mikul discusses her role as a midwife with Duke Midwifery Service, her dedication to working with Spanish-speaking clients, and the uniqueness of midwifery as a healthcare profession. In this interview, Mikul speaks vividly of the skills that Duke Midwifery Service midwives provided to Duke clients, and also shared with their Duke colleagues in the teaching hospital environment. She shares how she and her Duke Midwifery Service colleagues taught students and trainees the strengths of different birthing positions, maneuvers for safe birth during shoulder dystocia, strategies for postpartum care and the delivery of the placenta, as well as approaches to caring for clients experiencing stillbirth or the the loss of a pregnancy. Mikul reflects on how receptive the students were to this information and describes how during her time at Duke, more trainees began encouraging clients to try hands and knees and side-lying positions for birth (as opposed to the medically-standard stirrups position). The themes of this interview include medical training, midwifery, and family planning. Digital files include interview metadata and transcript (PDF), interview with stereo (WAV), interview with mono (MP3), consent form (PDF), an image (JPEG), and TXT files.

This oral history interview was conducted with Tracy K. Gosselin on October 13, 2021 by Josephine McRobbie.

Duration: 01:41:23

During the interview, Gosselin discusses the responsibilities of her role as Chief Nursing & Patient Care Services Officer at Duke University Hospital; her role in patient experience and experiences with feedback during rounding; her background and education, joining Duke Hospital in 1993; her early career interests and view of nursing as profession; her recollections of learning on the job in terms of time management, cancer as a set of diseases, cancer treatment, and end of life care; continuity of care and streamlining of oncology services during her early career; the implementation of nursing model while Nursing Program Manager for Duke Radiation Oncology; her experiences as a student in University of Utah's College of Nursing virtual PhD program; her doctoral research in symptoms, quality of life, and emotional status in survivors of rectal cancer treatment; her experience teaching Oncology Nursing and Leadership in Duke University School of Nursing; her decision to aim for Chief Nurse position; her involvement with Duke Cancer Institute and Duke Cancer Center; the importance of senior leadership to make themselves available; research and education on bullying in the healthcare environment; workplace and safety mechanisms in Epic / Maestro Care; colleagues and mentorship; the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic; her work with the Duke Cancer Center and development of Oncology Patient Advisory Council; and her upcoming move to Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center as Senior Vice President, Chief Nurse Executive, and Chair of Nursing. The themes of this interview include nursing, nursing education, and healthcare leadership. Digital files include interview metadata and transcript (PDF), interview with stereo (WAV), interview with mono (MP3), consent form (PDF), and TXT files.

These oral history interviews were conducted with Dr. Thomas M. Bashore on October 12 and 16, 2020 by Joseph O'Connell as part of the Department of Medicine's Oral History Project.

Duration: 00:30:42 (interview 1)

Duration: 01:25:24 (interview 2)

During the interviews, Bashore discusses his discusses his interest in visuals and history related to medicine, his pedagogical approach, and his thoughts on program leadership and restructuring. The themes of these interviews include cardiology, medical training, and collaboration in medicine. Digital files include interview metadata and transcript (PDF), interviews with stereo (WAV), interviews with mono (MP3), image (PNG), consent form (PDF), and TXT files.

This oral history interview was conducted with Stacey R. McCorison on October 12, 2021 by Josephine McRobbie.

Duration: 01:47:48

During the interview, McCorison discusses her early life in the Northeast, experiences with higher education, positions held within Duke University and the Duke University School of Medicine, contributions to the planning for the Mary Duke Biddle Trent Semans Center for Health Education, as well as the her reflections on the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on medical education. The themes of this interview include educational access and choice, medical education, financial aid, and student support services. Digital files include interview metadata and transcript (PDF), interview with stereo (WAV), interview with mono (MP3), consent form (PDF), and TXT files.

Dr. Fridovich speaks about his arrival in Duke University's Department of Biochemistry in 1952; Dr. Bernheim's reputation at the time for having discovered the amine oxidase; Dr. Bernheim's reputation for good teaching; Dr. Bernheim's reputation for writing abstracts for the publication Chemical Abstracts; the importance of Dr. Bernheim's discovery at the time; Dr. Bernheim's book, A Sky of My Own, about flying; Dr. Bernheim's interest in outdoor activities; the Bernheims housing an English child during World War II; the few women on the faculty; Dr. Bernheim's husband, Dr. Frederick Bernheim, and both of them being highly regarded scientifically; the founding chair of the department, Dr. William Perlzweig; women in the department over time; the field of biochemistry moving beyond Dr. Bernheim's discovery; Dr. Bernheim's donation of land to the Eno River Association; the physical space of the Department of Biochemistry upon his arrival; the growth of the department; Dr. Bernheim focusing more on teaching than research in her later years; Dr. Bernheim as always being called Molly, not Mary; flying as being important to Dr. Bernheim; the equipment that was used in the department in the 1950s; the equipment Dr. Bernheim might have used in her earliest years of research; Dr. Rebecca Buckley; national attention on Dr. Bernheim for her discovery; Dr. Bernheim's modesty; and the fading of that attention over the years.

This oral history interview was conducted with Dr. Edward Halperin on October 10, 2006 by Jessica Roseberry.
Duration: 00:46:44
Dr. Halperin discusses his family history, early life, medical education, the development of the field of radiation oncology, his career at Duke (including his work as vice dean of Duke University Medical School), Duke curricula reform, the creation of the medical master's in library science program, medical student suicides, his experiences with Dr. Snyderman, and research into the history of medicine. Includes a master and use CD and a digital transcript.