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Robert M. Califf attended Duke University School of Medicine, and he completed his residency in internal medicine at University of California-San Francisco and a fellowship at Duke in cardiology. His early faculty appointments at Duke corresponded with his time as Director of the Cardiac Care Unit. Califf spent the majority of his career at Duke University. Most recently, he was Vice Chancellor for Health Data Science; Donald F. Fortin, MD Professor of Cardiology; and Director, Duke Forge. Under the Obama administration, he served as Deputy Commissioner for Medical Products and Tobacco at the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (2015-2016), and was Commissioner of Food and Drugs (2016 to 2017). In November 2019, he left Duke for Alphabet. Califf is a prolific researcher in the areas of improving health outcomes, cardiovascular medicine, quality of care, and the clinical research enterprise. Califf is also pioneer of clinical trial research methods, and solidified infrastructure for clinical trials at Duke by founding the Duke Clinical Research Institute. This collection contains 2 oral history interviews conducted at separate times. Interviews were conducted on June 11, 2007 by Jessica Roseberry and October 18, 2019 by Josephine McRobbie. In the 2007 interview, Califf discusses how he entered the field of cardiology, medical school experiences, his career at Duke, and the evolution of the cardiology databank into the Duke Clinical Research Institute (DCRI). In the 2019 interview, Califf discusses his upbringing in South Carolina; his formation as a cardiologist; his work as a clinician, researcher, and administrator at Duke; and his 2016-2017 tenure as Commissioner of the Food and Drug Administration. Major topics include advances in cardiology, developments in clinical trial research, leadership, and mentorship.